Fertilizer savings of up to 95% are being reported from recent university field tests using drip fertigation and slow water delivery as compared to timed-release and irrigation by micro spray heads. The chemicals may be added constantly whenever the system is irrigating or at intervals. This is called fertigation fertigation and chemigation (application of pesticides and other chemicals to periodically clean out the system, such as chlorine or sulfuric acid) use chemical injectors such as diaphragm pumps, piston pumps, or aspirators. Regulations typically do not permit spraying water through the air that has not been fully treated to potable water standards.īecause of the way the water is applied in a drip system, traditional surface applications of timed-release fertilizer are sometimes ineffective, so drip systems often mix liquid fertilizer with the irrigation water. Last line filters just before the final delivery pipe are strongly recommended in addition to any other filtration system due to fine particle settlement and accidental insertion of particles in the intermediate lines.ĭrip and subsurface drip irrigation is used almost exclusively when using recycled municipal waste water. Virtually all drip irrigation equipment manufacturers recommend that filters be employed and generally will not honor warranties unless this is done. Some residential systems are installed without additional filters since potable water is already filtered at the water treatment plant. New technologies are now being offered that minimize clogging. Most large drip irrigation systems employ some type of filter to prevent clogging of the small emitter flow path by small waterborne particles. In drip irrigation systems, pump and valves may be manually or automatically operated by a controller. Emitting devices at plants (emitter or dripper, micro spray head, inline dripper or inline driptube)įig: Layout and Operation of Drip Irrigation System.Poly fittings and accessories (to make connections).
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Smaller diameter polytube (often referred to as “laterals”).Hand-operated, electronic, or hydraulic control valves and safety valves.Main line (larger diameter pipe and pipe fittings).Pressure Control Valve (pressure regulator).Backwash controller (Backflow prevention device).Water filter(s) or filtration systems: sand separator, Fertigation systems (Venturi injector) and chemigation equipment (optional).The purpose of this tutorial is to guide you toward materials and methods that will increase the benefits of your new drip system, while steering you away from some common misconceptions and practices that can cause you trouble.ĭrip Irrigation in garden Components and operation:Ĭomponents used in drip irrigation (listed in order from water source) include:
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While drip systems are simple and pretty forgiving of errors in design and installation, there are some guidelines that if followed, will make for a much better drip system. The second is that the water is only applied where it is needed, (at the plant’s roots) rather than sprayed everywhere. The first is that the water soaks into the soil before it can evaporate or run off. The high efficiency of drip irrigation results from two primary factors. It is easy to install, easy to design, can be very inexpensive, and can reduce disease problems associated with high levels of moisture on some plants.ĭrip irrigation (sometimes called trickle irrigation) works by applying water slowly, directly to the soil.
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But drip irrigation has other benefits which make it useful almost anywhere. What that means is much less wasted water! For this reason drip is the preferred method of irrigation for water scarce regions. While sprinkler systems are around 75-85% efficient, drip systems typically are 90% or higher. Drip irrigation is the most efficient method of irrigating.